Understanding and Managing Equine Stomach Ulcers

One of the most significant issues in performance horse ownership is equine stomach ulcers. These ulcers impact a horse's health and performance and are a common concern across all equestrian disciplines.

Despite the lack of absolute prevention or cure, it is crucial for equine professionals to stay informed about the negative effects of stomach ulcers and adopt preventative and diagnostic approaches.

Types of Stomach Ulcers in Horses

Foregut Ulcers
The foregut houses three primary types of gastric ulcers:

1. Squamous Ulcers: These affect the upper third of the horse’s stomach.
2. Glandular Ulcers: These target the lower part of the stomach.
3. Pyloric Ulcers: These occur at the stomach's opening into the small intestine.

Hindgut Ulcers

Ulcers in the hindgut are typically associated with right dorsal colitis, which affects the upper right section of the colon. This condition is often linked to the use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and hindgut acidosis. Hindgut acidosis results from large amounts of undigested simple carbohydrates reaching the hindgut, leading to excessive lactic acid production. The excess lactic acid damages the gut lining, making it prone to ulceration.

Causes of Equine Stomach Ulcers

Stomach ulcers in horses are commonly caused by stress and dietary changes. Unlike their wild counterparts, domestic horses face reduced turnout time and limited access to forage. In the wild, horses graze continuously on available grasses, which helps regulate stomach acid production. In contrast, domestic horses often have restricted forage and are supplemented with grain, leading to periods of an empty stomach and excessive acid. Other factors contributing to ulcers include frequent travel, rigorous exercise, parasitic infestations, and NSAID use.

Symptoms of Stomach Ulcers in Horses

The symptoms of stomach ulcers can sometimes be mistaken for general behavioral issues. Key indicators include:

• Girthiness and sensitivity in the flank area
• Difficulty with bending, collecting, and extending
• Soft or loose manure
• Vices such as weaving, cribbing, or wood chewing
• Blood in manure
• Low-grade anemia
• Weight loss and poor body condition
• Dull coat
• Irritability during riding, tacking, or grooming
• Back pain unresponsive to local treatment
• Loss of appetite

Diagnosing Stomach Ulcers in Horses

Diagnosing stomach ulcers can be challenging. Veterinarians may use provisional medication to identify potential ulcers, but the most accurate diagnosis comes from a gastric endoscopic exam. This procedure requires a 12-hour fast before examination and is effective for assessing foregut ulcers. For hindgut ulcers, diagnostics are less straightforward. Ultrasound can visualize up to 15 inches into the abdomen but is less definitive. A Ph test of the manure can help indicate an acidic digestive tract, with a normal Ph level being 6.8 and levels below 6.5 suggesting acidity.

Treatment and Prevention of Horse Ulcers

With proper treatment and preventative measures, stomach ulcers in horses can be effectively managed and cured. Treatment options should be discussed with a veterinarian to ensure a tailored approach. Prevention is crucial; understanding the underlying causes of ulcers and implementing preventive measures can significantly reduce recurrence. Maintaining a knowledgeable barn staff to recognize early signs of ulcers and understanding the horse’s natural digestive needs are key to promoting equine health.

Excel Supplements’ ExcelEQ ProElite™ is proven to aid in the prevention of stomach ulcers, supporting a healthier and happier performance horse.

Sources: